Does your brown rat bite out its fur? It probably has ectoparasites

Although I sometimes temporarily care of some brown rats, I still consider myself to be a beginner in brown rat keeping. In the beginning of this year, a white lab brown rat ended up in my temporary care. I noticed that Běluše (that’s how I called her given her white fur) extensively licks her fur.  I knew that brown rats are really clean animals. But is that really normal? I interpreted that as my insufficient knowledge of brown rats and didn’t pay too much attention to it.

But when she also started scratching herself and biting her fur out, I realized something’s wrong. A long time ago I heard that brown rats self-derogate. So is that anxiety and sadness? It came to my mind that as well as some dogs suffer from separation anxiety, also small rodents can suffer from it (even though not in the sense in which it is used by experts). They are still social animals.

My friend who is a vet I called for advice to told me this could be parasites. These are the so-called ectoparasites, i.e. parasites living in the fur of brown rats. These include louses, bird-louses but also scrabies. Brown rats usually catch them in a pet shop. They can even get to the bedding. That quite scared me. And I was even more scared when I discovered bloody spots and scabs where Běluše bit out her fur. I didn’t leave that to chance and started with home treatment.

What can you do when you find out your brown rat has skin parasites? At first make sure the diagnosis is correct. These skin parasites are said to be most common behind ears, around the head and between shoulder blades but they can also occur at paws. So if you notice anything suspicious, take a photo and send it to your vet in order not to stress your brown rat with an unnecessary trip to a vet. You can also compare it to photos shared by brown rat keepers in discussion forums. If you want to be 100 % sure, your vet will collect a skin sample, the so-called scraping.

Treatment is not very difficult in most cases. My friend recommended me to buy an antiparasitic agent at the chemist’s, e.g. Stronghold (for kittens and puppies up to 2 kg). Prepare that it might be quite costly. The price usually ranges from several hundreds to a thousand crowns. Antiparasitic agent is applied between shoulder blades. For some, it is necessary to apply them more than once. Consult your vet about it at least on phone. Usual recommended treatment duration is 7 to 10 days. In the case of scrabies, it is good to use a disinfectant (e.g. Betadine) for the injured spot.

What is necessary is the sanitation of the cage and all equipment you don’t want to throw away (I would rather replace the bedding from another package, as well as feed). You can also use vinegar besides a gentle disinfectant to clean the cage. Change all cloths, including hammocks, or wash them with sufficient water temperature (min. 60 degrees). Also disinfect all toys.

When it comes to bleas, a similar procedure to that of treatment in dogs and cats your brown rat probably caught them from is recommended. To be sure, rather treat all your animals if you have a dog or a cat, too. Get an antiparasitic spray. I found preparations from Frontline useful. But even in this case, it won’t do any harm if you consult your vet on phone :).

If you have any other animal at home, may it be a dog, a cat or a small rodent, you don’t have to be afraid of transmission. Most external brown rat parasites stay in the fur of brown rats. The likelihood of transmission is minimal.